Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Essay

: Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Good morning to our teacher Pn. Devi and our friends. I am chien yen. I am Wan Yi. We are honoured to give a talk on advantages and disadvantages of drug usage. I probably don’t have to work very hard to get people to see that there really is no right time, place, or situation to try drugs, but I’m going to try anyway. There are several different reasons why teens might turn to drugs . One of them could be that they just want to be social and have fun. Usually, it is in a social setting that teens first try drugs. The â€Å"teen years† is when most adolescents do their experimenting with different things, and this could also be another reason why they might try drugs. They also might be mislead to think that addiction couldn’t happen to them, so â€Å"I can stop whenever I want† is often an excuse. Another reason could be that they want to seem mature, or cool. Many teens think that using drugs make them seem more grown-up and confident, but in fact, it shows just how immature they are. By giving into peer pressure and not being able to think for themselves, the only thing they prove is that they are naive. Everybody knows that parents are big influence in child’s life, but sometimes children might feel pressured or controlled by their parents and decide to rebel against them. Using drugs is a very common way of rebelling because the parents might not even know that it’s going on right under their noses. School, friends, relationships, and many other things could also be adding to the stress of teens today, and the pressure alone might drive them to drugs because they think it’s comforting. The truth is that it adds more stress to their lives in the long run. There are many dangers that come along with drug use. The greatest danger is death, but there are several other risks and consequences that should definitely be taken into consideration. Drugs can cause addiction, brain damage, liver failure, and many other serious health problems. The use of drugs can also impact the user’s family and friends. They can be dragged into the user’s problem and get addicted themselves. The user could also end up being abandoned by his or her family and friends because nobody really wants to be around drug users. There are so many benefits that come along with a drug free lifestyle. I think most people probably already know the major benefit†¦ life. I believe life is too short to waste time worrying about the consequences of doing drugs. Teenagers are stressed enough these days with work, school, family, and friends that we don’t need any additional reasons to be stressed or feel overwhelmed. Life is hard sometimes, but the misconception that drugs will make it better just makes it that much worse. Another benefit of drug free lifestyle is having a completely functional brain. School is hard for many teenagers, and they have to struggle to get by, so add drugs into the equation, and it makes school that much harder. Then what happens if the person decides that school is too hard? They give up, and live the rest of their life poor because they never finished high school and can’t get a decent job. There’s also the fact that there would be a lost less money spent on medical bills. Tobacco causes cancer, alcohol causes liver problem, inhalants cause brain damage, and all of the other drugs have their health issues also. If they were no drugs, there wouldn’t be as many health problems. If there weren’t as many health problems, there wouldn’t be as much money spent at the hospital. If there was less money spent at the hospital, the doctors might be mad, but the person’s life would be so much better overall! Seriously, not doing drugs can prevent a number of health problems. Overall, there is never a right time, place, or situation to use drugs. Also, almost all the reasons that teens might use drugs are just misconceptions. This doesn’t only go got teenagers. Many adults use drugs , and the same risks apply to adult drug users.

Commandment Relation to Christ-like Love Essay

The commandment I choose which displays three types of Christ-like love is the 8th commandment, â€Å"Thou shall not steal†. The first type of Christ-like love that the commandment â€Å"Thou shall not steal† displays is desiring what is the best for others. Stealing is something that is very wrong. For example, if someone is angry at someone, they might express their anger by stealing their belongings. This is not right. Someone can just approach the person they are angry at, and tell them how they feel about the situation. This is much better for others instead of stealing. The second type of Christ-like love that the commandment â€Å"Thou shall not steal† displays is that it is an emotion and decision. Stealing is a decision that is made when people go through various types of emotions. Some emotions include anger, frustration, mad, stressed, etc. When someone feels like this, they might feel like stealing someone’s belongings . By making the decision not to steal, it will make someone feel a different type of emotion. They will feel proud because they know that they are doing the right decision instead of doing something bad. Nevertheless, this is why the commandment â€Å"Thou shall not steal † is an emotion and decision. The third type of Christ-like love that the commandment â€Å"Thou shall not steal† displays is walking away from harm. Depending on what is stolen, it can be considered a crime. Nevertheless, anytime of stealing is wrong, no matter how valuable the item is. For example, if someone stole a top from The Gap store, it is considered a crime. In addition to this wrong crime, if someone steals a pencil from a teacher’s desk it is just as wrong. Even though the pencil isn’t as valuable as a top, any type of stealing causes harm. When walking away from this, it saves harm for both the stealer and the victim. Both people will not be involved in any type of stealing situation when showing the Christ-like love of walking away from harm.

Research About Buddha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research About Buddha - Essay Example It was approximately four hundred years later that the traditions were written down, though by then the majority of the deeper teachings had been forgotten or altered because of the oral passing. Gautama as Buddha is something that has been debated, since there was no real proof - at least none that scholars could find - about the life and times of Gautama (Kerouac, 2008). However, this is the case in many religions; a religion, though, would not be what it is without faith from the practitioner. All the same, there are many claims about Gautamas life that have not been proven, yet these are part of his teachings. It is pretty uncommon when the physical appearance of a god or a spiritual figure is important, though this is not so much the case when it comes to spiritual paths like Buddhism or Paganism. The physical appearance of Buddha actually plays a large role in how Buddha is regarded and worshipped in Buddhism. Buddha had a very welcoming appearance, one that would make people comfortable to approach him. However, due to the fact that very little could be proven about Buddhas "human" life, there is a lot of controversy surrounding what he really looked like. The common portrayal of Buddha is of a fat man with long, stretched out earlobes. The appearance that scholars have come to declare as his, however, is that of a man who was fit and healthy, as he had had military training while he was growing up (Armstrong, 2004). Many argue and say that the former description is of Buddha as the godlike figure, while the latter appearance is what he looked like in his human persona. While the godlike figure does not need to be questioned, as this is similar to many other godlike images in spiritual paths, there is very little to be said about how Buddha looked in real life - there is simply not enough evidence to prove against it or in its favor. Buddha is one of the few rare spiritual leaders who was not necessarily considered a god or a deity of any

Influence of Social Media on the Information Anxiety Essay

Influence of Social Media on the Information Anxiety - Essay Example With the advent of social networks like face book, individuals are free to communicate at any given moment. Social networks enable people to express their views in any way they may feel like. There are no limitations that can hinder the individuals to express whatever information and ideas they may want. Social networks enable individuals to post information they want since they are responsible for controlling the content they might want to post on their web pages. People use social media to their own advantage and they also want to manipulate other people to view the world from their own perspective. Each individual strives to advance his or her values as ideal compared to those believed by other people. The other issue about social networks is that they have removed geographical boundaries and people can consume whatever kind of information they may want. This has led people to be anxious to learn different things from the internet.The other issue is that the individuals shape thei r own values through the use of different social networks like the one mentioned above. For instance, it is argued that each voice is there to criticise other voices that do not agree with it. Values are shaped by people and they are in most cases designed to advance the interests of the individuals concerned. However, there are divergent views towards the values of the other people. This brings us to the understanding that values are not universal and they cannot be unanimously imposed on other people who may have different views.

Strategy and key discourses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategy and key discourses - Essay Example A well-deciphered strategic initiative can facilitate an organisation in ascertaining its supremacy and gaining significant competitive advantage in the marketplace. The overall direction of a business entity is largely dependent on the decisions and strategies taken by the company. Strategies are also crucial in responding successfully to the uncertainties, complexities and competitiveness prevailing in the business market scenario. Different companies have their own set of rules and methods to create strategies for their business. Moreover, the formation of strategic initiatives significantly depends on the core competencies of an organisation (John et al., 1996). The paper aims at constructing an essay plan based on the key discourses concerning the illustration in detail the different horizons for making strategies. It would also provide an elaborative explanation of the different levels of strategy. Discourse Analysis Discourse analysis is a research method. It is a mode of appr oaching and making an assessment of a particular problem. This method is neither a qualitative nor a quantitative move to research but is a conduct of questioning the basic hypothesis of quantitative as well as qualitative approaches in the research process (The University of Texas at Austin, n.d.). Three Horizons for Strategy Different companies all over the world now-a-days are very much focused on enhancing their profitability of their business operations. Owing to this reason, they aim to develop various distinctive strategies. The process of developing a strategy involves a particular framework, i.e. the ‘three horizons for strategy’. The significance of a long-term-based viewpoint upon the formulated strategies is emphasised by the three horizons framework. The three horizon framework suggests that each and every organisation should visualise itself as comprising three different kinds of business or activity (Johnson & et. al., 2010). The three horizons framework is exemplified below: Horizon 1 This horizon involves â€Å"Short Jump† initiative that would strengthen and expand a company’s position in the existing market. In this step, the company essentially focuses on adding new products to its existing product line. This step also engages the expansion of the company in terms of geographical area and reaching fresh marketplaces where it is yet to have its presence. In this approach, the company can capture a significant portion of the market share of its competitors. The main objective of this horizon is to capitalise largely on its growth potential in the present business market (Thompson et al., 2006). Horizon 2 This step of the horizon is called the medium jump. In this step, the company acquires strategic proposals to influence the present resources and potentials by entering into a new business with a considerable prospective of growth. The companies in the modern-day context need to always be aware of emerging opportuni ties in the market. Whenever there is a prospect where there is an assurance for rapid growth with the incorporation of enormous prevailing experience and rational capital influx and technological knowledge that could be helpful for rapid market access, the company should jump in to leverage that prospect with full strength. When the second demarcated horizon takes a restrain, the first horizon takes the initiative as long as there is enough unexploited growth present in the company’s business perspective (Thompson et al., 2006). Horizon 3 This step is called long jump. In this horizon, the company takes strategic decisions to

Socio-Cultural Turn in Public Relations Scholarship Essay

Socio-Cultural Turn in Public Relations Scholarship - Essay Example Due to this fact, the social world has not had its fair share of this research as far as public relations are concerned . It is a well-known fact that organizations do operate in the social world full of cultural diversity and any communication or decision that does not take into account the interests of the socio-cultural dimension is ineffective. This is because such public relations may not go down well with a section of persons in the social scene . Public relations scholarship has in turn taken a new dimension to meet the emerging interests by the society and culture. It has become evident that public relations scholarship cannot be the reserve of organizations alone but ought to incorporate such aspect of life as anthropology, storytelling, cultural studies, and pragmatism as a whole . These methodological approaches encompass both the practical and the theoretical aspects of various disciplines ranging from post-colonial life, sociology, political economy, cultural, and ecological studies . Recent studies have proved that when scholars engage in the new ways of public relations like extracting interviews especially from those who specialize in that particular field, they tend to expand their communication insight and gain more inspiration . This enables them to face the social world with confidence and a new perspective of handling diverse personalities as these also, exist in the world where organizations operate. In the face of multiple communication channels and strategies, it has become apparent that public relations and public relations scholarship should not suffer constraints and limits. This extends to the fact that currently organizations are the only institutions that get the recognition of managing their affairs as far as public relations are concerned9. Public relations culture and infrastructure Public relations, when viewed from the cultural perspective, must pay due attention to the general as well as the specific territorial aspects of the culture. The m ain components of the territorial infrastructure of the public relations are the civil society, the political and economic system, the media system, and the socio-cultural system10. Both culture and public relations are a function of the existence of human beings in that the man is the originator of culture and creator public relations therefore the two can work better if man incorporates them to

Current Social Worker Law in the USA Research Paper

Current Social Worker Law in the USA - Research Paper Example Abstinence from saying anything cannot be construed as permission for participating in research. Therefore, it becomes necessary for valid and categorical consent. So, under Title 45, Section 46. 402; it is believed that for the purpose of this section, â€Å"Guardian means an individual who is authorized under applicable State or local law to consent on behalf of a child to general medical care.† (Public welfare, 2010, para.6). The main implications of this law are that children should not be forcibly made focused in research studies without their knowledge or consent. Since most young people themselves are not aware of the complexities and rigors of research studies, the consent of their parents/guardians is needed before their services. They are utilized for research studies of any kind. It is believed that the Heath and Human Services must approve and /or provide funds for research which are inline with the recommendations and directives of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and also complies with the provisions found in Title 45, Section 46; Subsections 409. It is believed that the consistent and robust resources that are available are in terms of IRB approval for determination of IRB that research has been reviewed and may be carried out at an institution according to the directives and policies of the IRB as the governing body, whose instructions need to be carried out. Besides, it is the IRB that m ust assume major responsibility for ensuring the enforcement of rights and privileges available to children under various sub provisions of Title 45, Section 46.

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Merced County Research Paper

Macroeconomics and Microeconomics - Merced County - Research Paper Example Sixty eight percent of the population lies between 18 and 65 years, which is a good indicator of the county’s labor force market. Agriculture is the base of the county’s economy. As a result, Merced has been ranking among the top producers of chicken, cattle, calves, milk, cream, tomatoes, and silage in the state of California. In addition, the county is home to some of the world’s largest agricultural processing facilities, including the Hilmar Cheese production, Fosters Farms Poultry processing, Ingomar Packing Company tomatoes processing, and Ernest and Julio Gallo winery. Despite this, the unemployment rate has been on a steady rise since 2000 in the county. Census reports indicate that the rate of unemployment was 9.6% in 2000, shooting to 16% in the 2009 census. The country’s overall economic crisis since 2001 may be a reason, but there is need to salvage the situation. The rise in unemployment is a contributing factor to the current high rates of cr ime. Another economic metric of concern is the labor market, which stood at 90,500 in 2000, increasing to 105,200 in 2009 (US Census Bureau). The figures indicate that there has been a relative growth in the county’s labor force. Accordingly, 86,678 individuals older than 16 years were under employment in comparison to 105,059 the year 2009 in the same category, indicating a slow growth of employment opportunities in the county. New business establishments rose from 4700 in 2000 to 5832 in 2009. Other metrics indicate that the county is experiencing a dormant growth in large-scale business establishment, but with more small-scale businesses being setup. The result is the absorption of a relatively small percentage of the labor market by the new businesses. Another concern is the educational level of the county’s population. According to the US census Bureau data of 2000, only about 68.5% of individuals older than 25 years had attained a high school diploma, and a mere 11% had a bachelor’s degree or higher education. these percentages are low compared to the averages of California state, which recorded 76.8% in high school diploma holders and 26.6% with a bachelor’s degree or higher, indicating that the work force is relatively under-qualified. Sustainability in the food manufacturing and processing has changed the heavy reliance of the economy on production of farm crops. Consequently, the county has been attracting a significant number of manufacturing and processing plants with interests outside the agricultural sector. The county’s economic development is a responsibility of the Merced County Economic Development Corporation (MCEDCO). The corporation oversees the economic coordination of various efforts and organization that seeks to improve the county’s labor force market as well as provide a favorable business environment that will attract new businesses into the region (Moffat 46). MCEDCO claim that the county ha s been changing its reliability on agriculture but the fact is that the county still relies on the agricultural sector, from revenues to job (which often pay low wages and are seasonal). In order to maintain economic sustainability of the county, there is need for the MCEDCO to engage in several economic development efforts, including general economic development, economic base diversification, workforce training and education, economic partnerships, existing business retention and expansion, new business recruitment and attraction, and tourism attraction. The MCEDCO (whose members

Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities Essay

Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities - Essay Example Diasporas are nothing but groups that migrants form on the basis of a shared homeland, culture, etc. Forming a diaspora is a way in which migrant communities regroup in a foreign country after getting dispersed in their homeland. Some of these diasporas are political, and have a huge role to play in the domestic politics of both the homeland and the host state as well as in international politics and foreign affairs of states; but again, some of these diasporas are apolitical, and their influence is limited only to culture- of both the host state and the homeland. This paper also discusses the political and cultural impacts of diasporas. For the purpose of writing this paper, a variety of sources have been used- books as well as the internet. It is hoped that the paper is conclusive in itself and satisfactorily explains everything that is important in the context of the dispersal and regrouping of migrant communities. Yann Martel, the Canadian author, says something in his Booker Prize-winning novel Life of Pi that is relevant here: " Why do people move What makes them uproot and leave everything they've known for a great unknown beyond the horizon Why climb this Mount Everest of formalities that makes you feel like a beggar Why enter this jungle of foreignness where everything is new, strange and difficult The answer is the same the world over: people move in the hope of a better life." ( 2001: 77) Yes, it is perhaps in search of a better life that people all over the world move. Changes in a country's political and economic situation can lead people to move from that country to another- all in search of a better life. Affluent countries in Europe and America are prime destinations for migrants from Third-World countries, evidently because they promise a better life. "Resurgent ethnic, religious and nationalist forces have emerged from the often violent disintegration of nation-states and their reconstitution. These new forces and other new features, like the revolution in global communications, have combined with prior social, economic and political pressures to generate new patterns of migration in the post-Cold War era. As a result, from being a relatively peripheral concern until recently, migration has since the late 1980s moved swiftly up the international agenda to become an issue of heated public debate." ( Van Hear, 1998) Questions such as who should be allowed to migr ate and the rights migrants should have are generating such debates. Xenophobia and racism have often made natural citizens of a particular country treat immigrants in a way that violates human rights- this is also a prime concern for the international community. Migration is nothing new. It has been happening for centuries- people moved from Europe to America when this continent was discovered, of course in search of a better life. Way back in the 16th century, the Mughals under Babur moved from West Asia to India- to conquer, yes, but ultimately in search of a better life. Even earlier, the Aryans moved from West Asia and surrounding parts of Europe to India- that too is an example of migration. But migration in the late 20th century and in the 21st century has assumed different proportions. Van Hear mentions what various commentators have

United States Probation Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United States Probation Officer - Essay Example Further, serving as a witness in criminal court proceedings shows my commitment to justice and offenders’ behaviour modulation. I have also been able to engage in security circulation activities amongst clients and colleagues, acquiring vital verbal and written communication skills in the process. These skills will be paramount in successful execution of my duties as a probation officer. I will be highly honored to use learnt skills, to serve the community, as a probation officer with the United States Probation Department in New York. I am up to the challenge of serving as a proficient social worker capable of handling the wide array of offenders, together with their families whether in court, prisons or even in mainstream community. I will fulfil my duties with diligence, to foster the department’s success in rehabilitating offenders and preventing them from reengaging in criminal activity. I intend to achieve this by challenging offenders’ behavior, and helping them reform their attitude and demeanor, thus protecting the general public from possibly of multiple offenses. I have also committed myself to learning people and their behaviour, as part of my passion for law enforcement and due to recognizing the fact that a probation officer deals with diverse personalities and duties. Even though a career in law enforcement is bound to be challenging, I am confident that being a federal probation officer will give me a unique opportunity to optimally utilize my analytical, academic and immense work experience. I recognize that a principal part of my job will entail extensive interaction with law enforcement agencies and justice establishments like courts of law. For instance, in order to ensure that offenders abide by the law I will need court orders and decrees to set offenders in the right path toward correction. Further, in the course of administering my duties to the community, I will need to advise individuals to seek justice from the courts

The secret sharer Essay Example for Free

The secret sharer Essay The secret sharer by Joseph Conrad, is a tale of two strangers who meet in unusual circumstances. Legatt who was the first mate of the Sephora, escapes his ship where he was held captive after murdering a member of his crew. He swims to another ship and admits the whole truth to the captain. Both the captain and Legatt have bad relationships with their crew and they empathise with each other. Legatt is to be kept secret from the crew. His secrets are that he has murdered and is hiding to escape punishment and death. The captains secrets are that his men, the ship and the responsibility of his first command daunt him. The two of them share these secrets with each other and an intense relationship is built between them. Thus giving the title The secret sharer.. The captain and Legatt share physical similarities, they are the same size. My sleeping suit was just right for his size (pg6-7) And they share a very close resemblance of each other; this is reflected in the description of Legatt by the captain. The shadowy, dark head, like mine (pg 7) Legatt and the captain share very similar backgrounds, which draw a closeness and bond between these two men. They both attended the same sea school. Youre a Conway boy? (pg 7) And there was only a two-year difference in age. . but being a couple of years older (pg 7) Throughout the story you can feel the connection Legatt and the captain share by both feeling complete strangers on board the ships. I knew very little of my officers! (pg 2) The complete lack of knowledge and bond is felt here between the captain and his crew. In the beginning of the story, the captain is very uneasy when he is thrown into the position of captain, of a ship traveling a long and arduous journey. The captain begins to feel insecure about running his ship and questions his ability to lead his ship. During one of the first nights on board the ship, the captain demonstrates his thoughts of insecurity and self-consciousness, when he does something that a captain would not normally do: he plans to take part in a night watch. I felt painfully that I a stranger- was doing something unusual when I directed him to let all hands turn in without getting an anchor watch. (pg 4) The captain is so self- conscious and insecure about his actions that he reacts almost painfully to the crews judgement of his orders. The captain states that he perceives himself to be a stranger amongst the others. Among his insecurities, the captain also sees himself as a stranger to himself and not fit to run his own ship. But what I felt most was my being a stranger to the ship: and if all the truth must be told, I was some what of a stranger to myself. The captain feels isolated and completely in the dark where his crew and ship are concerned, he is a complete stranger to them. . ship of which, I knew nothing, manned by men of whom I knew very little more. (pg 4) Legatt and the captain are both aware of feeling strangers aboard the ship, this draws a bond between them and closeness and understanding of each other builds their relationship. My second mate. But I dont know much more of the fellow than you do(pg 12) I was almost as much of a stranger on board as himself (pg 12)

Tragedy and Revenge in Aristotle and Shakespeare’s Masterpiece Essay Example for Free

Tragedy and Revenge in Aristotle and Shakespeare’s Masterpiece Essay I. Introduction Tragedy is a play dealing with serious events, in which the leading character suffers because of his actions. It ends unhappily, usually with the hero’s death. Although no exact, detailed definition of tragedy has been agreed upon by critics, the term is commonly used to describe nonmusical dramatic works, not operas. The issues in tragedy are significant, and the characters and action are basically realistic. Tragedy thus differs from melodrama, which may be sad or horrible but is unrealistic and superficial. It is also to be distinguished from tragicomedy, in which elements of both tragedy and comedy are combined, and which ends happily. (See â€Å"Aristotle and Tragedy†).   Thesis Statement: This paper scrutinizes the two plays which are Hamlet and Oedipus the King. II. Discussion A. Hamlet and the Aspect of Revenge and How It Transcends Every Genre Hamlet best exemplifies the genre of Elizabethan revenge. A center of many arguments is the apparent delay of Hamlet’s revenge. Critical discussion of this supposed procrastination has a long history. Goethe thought Hamlet too sensitive, Coleridge and A.W. von Schlegel too intelligent to be capable of action. The early 20th century English critic A.C. Bradley saw him as restrained by melancholia, the 19th century German scholar Herman Ulrici by moral scruples; the Freudians viewed him as too complex-ridden to kill his uncle (See â€Å"Hamlet†). This aspect of Hamlet’s behavior is seen either as a flaw or a virtue. The story contains four sons of murdered fathers (Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras, and Pyrrhus), but Hamlet differs from the three’s pursuit for revenge. He even goes as far as feigning insanity in order to conceal his real agitation and divert attention from his task of revenge. The subject of revenge, which is one of the focal themes of the play, transcends every genre, for there is a Hamlet in every one of us. As Hamlet in the story suffers pain and grief as a result of the circumstances surrounding his father’s death, the usurping of the throne and by the betrayal he felt from his mother’s remarriage to his father’s brother, Hamlet is then filled with the dilemma of whether to take revenge against the wrongdoer. Suffering and grief as a consequence of injustice and oppression is as old as man’s history (Rowse, 1984).Even during the course of the play, Hamlet’s torment alienates him from all those around him, even though he has a close friend to confide with. Such inner turmoil is only expressed in his soliloquies but unknown to those around him. Certainly, the depth of suffering is known only the most by the one who suffers. How people variously react to such agonies is showcased in the play’s story. Most often, it is the common desire to act as the three other young men (Laertes, Fortinbras, and Pyrrhus) did pursue their task of vengeance with ruthless single-mindedness. However, Hamlet’s situation is far more complicated. This shows that indeed, vengeance is far from simple. While it seeks to retaliate by inflicting pain for pain, Shakespeare’s Hamlet shows the peril of vengeance. All those who sought revenge died. Hamlet’s loved ones (such as Ophelia), those whom he could have sought solace and comfort, and himself also died. They became victims of Hamlet’s reckless rage as a result of his deflected and unfulfilled desire for retaliation. Revenge therefore, sinks both the offender and the avenger, pulling down along with it the innocent. It is a bearer of destruction. While most revenge plays justifies the avenger by emphasizing him or her as a victim, Hamlet’s character hangs a question above it. At the very core of revenge is bitterness, and is like a ‘rotten apple that spoils the whole bunch’. It has destroyed everything that’s good in Hamlet and made him much more evil than his stepfather. The danger of retaliation is to do greater harm than what was received. No one overcomes evil, with evil (See â€Å"Hamlet†). Before bitterness could do its harm, it is best thrown out. Truly, Shakespeare’s Hamlet speaks to every individual in every genre, since ALL of us must pass through a time of making that choice: â€Å"TO BE (bitter) OR NOT TO BE (bitter)? That indeed is a question we all must face (Rowse, 1984). B. Oedipus, the struggles and revenge The play Oedipus the King, also known as Oedipus Rex is a play written by Sophocles with Oedipus as the main character.   Oedipus is considered a tragic hero since despite his noble birth; he is unable to overcome the obstacles he has encountered in his life and about his past. There are certain characteristics in a story which leads a character to be identified as a ‘tragic hero’. A tragic hero must be of high social stature who commits a fatal mistake and in Oedipus’ case of poor judgment. Oedipus fits the description, being born of nobility with King Laius and Queen Jacosta as his biological parents, ruler of Thebes. His poor judgment is made obvious when in searching for Laius’ murderer, Oedipus stubbornly paid no attention to blind prophet Tiresias’ forewarnings not to continue in the investigation. And although Tiresias was blind and old, king Oedipus accused the prophet instead, of being the murderer. A tragic hero is set as an example for the viewers of the tragic consequences when a man of lofty position falls because of his own misdeeds, although the tragic hero realizes his mistakes and learn from it. Typically, a person of great stature is regarded with admiration and respect by the people and those around him. If, in the course of time, such person is eaten by a desire to continuously receive such admiration, he or she suffers the malady of grandiosity (See â€Å"Oedipus the King†). In this situation, the person is narcissistic, which means the person thinks highly of his or her own personal qualities as being superior than that of others such as physical looks, intelligence, talents or abilities, and achievements. Depression plagues the person if such a need is not met. Oedipus’ position of loftiness crumbles upon the Herdsman’s revelation of the king’s parenthood. Oedipus words upon knowing the truth expresses a pessimistic perspective of his life and future. Secondly, a tragic hero’s fate is undeserved. In Oedipus case, certain circumstances in his life are outside his control. It began when it was known through a prophecy that it was destined that king Laius will be killed by his own son. Queen Jacosta tried to prevent such a tragic fate from occurring by trying to end Oedipus life, who was still a child at this time. However, unknown to them, the child was given to a shepherd and still ended up raised in kingly stature as a child of king Polybus, ruler of Corinth. But even in Corinth, a prophecy was spoken to him of the tragic fate that awaits him. Seeking to escape the prophecy, Oedipus travels to the land of his birth, Thebes wherein he unknowingly fulfills what has been predicted of his destiny. Oedipus, as a tragic hero, does not fully deserve his fate since he partly bore the consequences of his parent’s mistakes and actions. Right before his birth, when the king and queen sought the advice of the Delphi Oracle, they were already forewarned not to bear children. Obviously, the advice was not heeded and the oracle was only remembered by king Laius when the child was born. A mistake was followed by another mistake, when the parents rejected the child and Oedipus was denied of his parent’s love and care (See â€Å"Oedipus the King†). Although he was of nobility, such circumstances somehow had set the wheels that led to his tragic end. Initially robbed of his kingly stature by birth, ‘fate’ restored it to him. Upon ascending the throne, his stature began to blind Oedipus of the real state of his inner self. Instead of the pain within himself and his tragic past, Oedipus is self-deceived; he covers the pain and inner suffering brought by the past by focusing only on external beauty. Since he was already blinded by his own self, he did not heed wise counsel. This time, Oedipus’ own foolishness led to his own downfall.   His own narcissistic characteristic caused his poor judgment: if he did not see himself as having superior opinion than others, he would not have killed king Laius nor have accused Tiresias a liar. His own pride has already blinded him that prevented him of acknowledging the truth. However, Oedipus later saw the folly of his own actions and gained knowledge that life is more than just a result of fate (See â€Å"Oedipus the King†). III. Conclusion Each character of the Oedipus the King and the Hamlet show outstanding representation of different individuals on how they may react in times of difficulties. These play give us better understanding that half of this world struggles a lot in order to live and may do anything in order survive. As the saying goes â€Å"survival of the fittest.† During the great depression, many people are crying out because of starvation. During this time, the economy was shaky and the prices were all going up. Many individuals, especially the commoners, have the hardship in how to cope up this circumstance In conclusion, the play tells us the reality of life. That life is full of struggle and everyone should do his part to overcome it. Oedipus the King and Hamlet are two different plays however showed reality about life. If we scrutinize the Oedipus, we can say that it is somewhat fictional however it sometimes happens in the rarest occasions unlike with Hamlet, this scenario is happening in day to day life and serves as an evidence that life is full of struggle and others do not know how to play it skillfully that is why they go insane and unfulfilled.

Analysis Of The Uk Renewable Energy Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Analysis Of The Uk Renewable Energy Industry Environmental Sciences Essay Renewable energy is the energy generated from natural resources such as biomass, sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable, that is, naturally replenished(Wikipedia, 2010). Renewable energy technologies are essential contributors to energy supply portfolio, as they contribute to world energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and provide opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases (IEA, 2007). Renewable energy is also considered by some to be a potentially significant contributor toward the economic development of rural areas, a means of reducing poverty through the creation of employment and improving the quality of lives (Mark et al, 2008). Renewable energy sources were very unpopular in the past decades because of their comparative cost disadvantage. With the exception of large hydropower, combustible biomass, and larger geothermal projects, the average cost of renewable energy are generally not competitive with the wholesale electricity and fossil fuel prices(IEA, 2007). However, this decade has witnessed a tremendous development in renewable energy sector. The rising oil prices, issue of global warming , carbon gas emission, terrorism and political instability in many oil producing countries in the middle east are the major forces driving this development. The International Energy Agency estimates that nearly 50% of global electricity supplies will need to come from renewable energy sources in order to reduce carbon dioxide emission by 50% by 2050 and minimise significant, irreversible climate change impacts (IEA, 2008). During the five- years period from the end of 2004 -2009, worldwide renewable energy grew at the rates of 10-60% for many technologies (REN21, 2010). In 2008 for the first time, more renewable energy than convectional power capacity was added in both European Union and United States, demonstrating a fundamental transition of the worlds energy markets towards renewable (Eric et al, 2009). Renewable energy sector is growing at a very amazing rate in UK. Between 2003 and 2009 there was 138 per cent increase in power generation from renewables in the UK, but faster rates of growth were recorded in Northern Ireland (702 per cent), East Midlands (268 per cent), North East (211 per cent), Scotland (188 per cent), South East (146 per cent) and Yorkshire and the Humber (139 per cent) (DECC, 2010). Higher growth rate is expected in the next decade. This can be inferred from the fact that power generation from the UKs oil and gas and nuclear reactors have been on a long-term downward trend and tend towards the end of their life span (Keynote, 2008). As a result, UK government has devised a comprehensive approach to support the development of the renewable energy sector through the UK renewable energy strategy 2009. Renewable energy in UK is supported through a range of measures. The renewable obligation Order requires electricity suppliers to purchase a specified amount of the electricity they supply from renewable sources (Keynote, 2010). Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROCs) are obtained to demonstrate that renewable sources have been used. The climate change levy is a fossil-fuel tax from which exemptions can be obtained by using certain renewable technologies. Capital grants are available for research and development for a wide range of renewable energy projects. Grants are also available for the cultivation of energy crops. Obviously, these are good incentives to stimulate investments in renewable energy. However, investors need assurance that these incentives and subsidies will be available over a larger part of the product life cycle and not just trap-in-incentives. This will enable renewable energy companies to build a more stable and viable strategic plan to take best advantage of t he incentives. The favourable geographical location of UK in terms of its windy condition, long coastline and excellent infrastructural facilities contributes to the rapid growth of renewable energy. The amount of power generated in terms of renewable energy in UK grew each year between 2004 and 2008 (DECC, 2009).A total of 17,566 gigawatt hours (GWh) was generated in 2008 which is 76.2% more than the amount generated in 2004. Biomass produced most of the renewable electricity in 2008 (46.1%) of the total, followed by wind and wave power (40.4%) and hydropower (13.4%), see table 1. Renewable energy is expected to develop into a major sector, providing scope for business growth and a substantial source of employment (Keynote, 2010). UK Renewable Energy Strategy, (2009) estimated that 500, 000 jobs could be created in the market by 2020. Table 1 : Electricity Generated from UK Renewable Energy Sources (gigawatt hours), 2004-2008 Biomass 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Landfill 4,004 4,290 4,424 4,677 4,757 Co-firing with fossils fuels 1,022 2,533 2,528 1,956 1,613 Animal biomass 565 468 434 555 587 Plant biomass 362 382 363 409 568 Sewage-sludge digestion 440 470 456 496 564 Total biomass 6,393 8,143 8,204 8,092 8,090 Wind wave power Onshore 1,736 2,501 3,574 4,491 5,792 Offshore 199 403 651 783 1,305 Total wind wave power 1,935 2,904 4,225 5,274 7,097 Hydropower Small scale 283 444 478 534 568 Other hydro 1,353 1,542 1,969 1,912 1,794 Total hydropower 1,636 1,986 2,447 2,446 2,362 Solar photovoltaics 4 8 11 14 17 Total 9,968 13,040 14,887 15,826 17,566 Source :Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2009, Department of Energy and Climate Change Having presented the general overview of renewable energy industry , a critical environmental analysis of the industry will be examined using PEST analysis, SWOT analysis and Porters five model of competitive advantage. PEST ANALYSIS The environment in which an organisation operates is divided into macro and micro environments(Philip, 2000). The micro environment has a major and direct impact upon the organisation, and its strategic planning process while the macro environment comprises those conditions that have a broad, rather than direct, impact upon the organisation (Wendy,1997). Brannan (1992) identified the major potential macro environmental factors that could significantly impact on organisation performance and a possible framework for listing such factors is PEST-Politics, Economics, Sociology and Technological developments. POLITICAL FACTORS The long-term decline in UKs oil and gas fortunes has led to an increasing import of oil and gas (Keynote, 2010). This means UK will be competing in the world markets for its oil and gas requirements with emerging economies, such as China and India. These countries have different cultures and political structures to the UK, and it could be a challenge for the UK to maintain a good relationship with them. Political instability and terrorism in the middle east is also of concern on the security of global energy supply. Therefore, Energy supply could become a very political issues in the future. It is hopeful that renewable energy sector will gain enormous political support from the UK government as an alternative to heavy reliance on importation of oil and gas. This will create favourable atmosphere and opportunities for investment in renewable energy sector. The quest to solve the problem of global warming has great political impact on government policies towards renewable energy. There is co-operation among the western world to reduce global warming by reducing carbon gas emission . The UK Government takes a prominent role in mitigating the effects of climate change by reducing carbon gas emission. Several government initiatives and legislation have been put in place, notable among these are; The Climate Change Act 2008-a commitment to reduce the UKs greenhouse gas emissions to at least 80% below the 1990 levels by 2050, Energy Act 2008 and Renewable Obligation (Keynote,2010). Renewable Obligation requires electricity suppliers to supply a specific amount of electricity from renewable sources. This is a good initiative to develop renewable energy. According to Deloitte(2010), UK has nearly 30 different low carbon energy incentives in form of tax credits and subsidies. The argument here is the certainty of the availability of the incenti ves throughout the project life cycle. This is vital for long term strategic plans. Nonetheless, the political imperative to introduce regulatory and fiscal incentives will continue to create opportunities for investors (Deloitte, 2010). ECONOMIC FACTORS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) There was an annual increase in the UKs GDP between 2005 and 2008, but a decline of 4.8% was seen in annual chain-linked GDP in 2009, NSW,2010 (cited in keynote, 2010). GDP forecast for the period from 2009 to 2013 are well below the growth experienced during the 2005 to 2008 period (when annual growth was between 3.4% and 5.7% at current prices) TIA,2009 (Cited in Keynote, 2010). Growth is forecast to fall steeply to -4.2% in 2009, followed by a slow recovery to 2.6% in 2013. By 2013, GDP annual growth will still not be as great as any year in the period from 2005 to 2008. It is likely that lower GDP will have a depressing effect on renewable energy demand. However, this notion has been proved otherwise by the year on year increase in UK demand for renewable energy (DECC, 2009). UK demand for renewable energy increased by 6.7% between 2006 and 2007 and by 12.9% between 2007 and 2008. It is expected that the demand for renewable energy will continue to increase over the years to 2020 as government has put in place several incentives to attract private investors in a bid to achieve the goals of UK renewable energy strategy by 2020. According to the secretary of state for energy and climate change (UK renewable energy strategy, 2009), UK government aims at reducing carbon emissions by expanding renewable energy to account for 15% of energy demand by 2020, reduce UKs of fossil fuels by around 10% by 2020. Through the implementation of this strategy, enough renewable energy will be in place by 2020 to supply the equivalent of nearly all 26 million homes in the UK with their current electricity needs and 4 million homes with their current heating needs. This radical approach will require a seven -fold increase in renewable energy in the 11 years from 2009 to 2020. The lead scenario of this proposed massive expansion is based on more than 30% of electricity needs to be generated from renewable (up from around 5.5% now), mostly from wind power, 12% of heat needs and 1 0% of transport needs from the current level of 2.6%. If the proposal is fully implemented and progressed as planned, it will create a huge investment opportunities for investors in the renewable energy sector. It will also promote innovation and catalyse infrastructural development in the renewable energy sector. If infrastructural and technological development are sustained over a period of time, it can bring economy of scale in terms of reduced energy cost. This will improve the competitive strength of renewable energy. UNEMPLOYMENT Another important economic variable is unemployment. UK unemployment rose from 860,000 in 2005 to 910,000 in 2008, before suffering a huge rise of 68.1% to reach 1.5million in 2009 (Keynote, 2010). The drastic rise in unemployment rate was as a direct consequence of economic meltdown. The 5-year period from 2009 to 2013 is forecast to experience unemployment levels well above any annual figure in the preceding period (2005 -2009),unemployment is forecast to rise from 1.5million in 2009 to 2.16 million in 2010, after which it will decline to 1.86 million in 2013 TIA, 2009 (Cited in keynote, 2010). The implication of this is that with fewer people at work, it is to be expected that energy consumption in the workplace will decline. There will, however, be an increase in domestic energy consumption if a large number of people are at home during cold weather. INFLATION A stable inflation rate over time is essential for a more realistic strategic plans, whereas, in a situation of fluctuating inflation it may be difficult for organisations to have stable plans as adjustment will have to be made from time to time. UK inflation increased from 2.8% to 4.3% between 2005 and 2007, it fell to 4% in 2008 and a deflation of 0.5% set in 2009 (Keynote, 2010). From the economic point of view, a slightly rising inflation over time tends to favour investment as higher returns will be accrued to factors of production. Energy prices increased generally between 2005 and 2009 (Keynote, 2010). This can be partially attributed to increase in inflation rate over the same period. However, a well stable inflation over time can lead to economic stagnation, which can impact negatively on renewable energy market demand. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Renewable energy is often considered as the solution to the worlds climate change and wider environmental concerns (Deloitte,2010). The success of renewable energy as an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source is always questioned by its scope and sustainability. The issue of sustainability is rising and corporate social responsibility is becoming an increasing concern for all companies. Therefore, there is more pressure on renewable energy companies to deliver an effective sustainability agenda (Deloitte, 2010). Renewable energy can involve large infrastructure, its construction and operation has both environmental and social consequences. These include questions regarding the carbon benefits of bio-fuels and argument that they are contributing to rising food prices, fears over the impact of wind farms and tidal barrages on local biodiversity, as well as the social impact of large hydro projects which can involve relocation of villages (Deloitte, 2010). As renewable e nergy continues to become a larger part of the energy equation, there will be increasing focus on its sustainability credentials. The strategic implication of this for a renewable energy companies is that they should undertake thorough environmental and social assessments embedding sustainability into their overall corporate strategy and supply chain in order to preserve their own and the industrys reputation (Deloitte, 2010). It can be inferred that increased sustainability and social responsibilities will lead to increased renewable energy cost . A survey by electric utility week (2010), found that the single most energy related problem facing consumers today is high cost of various forms of energy. Another social factor militating the development of renewable energy project is the difficulties in obtaining planning permission (Michael, 2008). The reason for this is local NIMBY (Not-in-my backyard) opposition. But, this has been borne out of a fear of change and a lack of appreciation of the benefits that renewable energy can play in local communities. This constraint can be eliminated by encouraging local communities to co-invest in small scale renewable energy projects (Deloitte, 2010). This approach will assist in alleviating rural poverty and at the same time raise awareness on the benefits of renewable energy. POPULATION The population of a region, its distribution, composition, growth and trend over time is an important environmental factor that could play a key role in designing an effective corporate strategies over a relatively long period of time .Understanding population dynamics of the market in which corporate organizations operate promotes recruitment policies, gives better understanding of demand for the products and proper segmentation of the market. In 2009, the UK resident population was 61.8 million, which grew by 0.7% compared with previous figures of 61.38million in 2008 and by 2.6% compared with 60.24million in 2005 (NSW,2010). The UK population is projected to grow by 0.7% per annum between 2009 and 2013, rising from 61.8 million to 63.7 million (GAD,2009).This strong population growth and forecast is a favourable factor for the current and future prospects for the renewable energy industry. A favourable population growth can lead to increase demand for renewable energy, as a result companies can expand their market share which will impact positively on the organizations bottom line (profit motive). However, a growing population could also a challenge for the industry to continue to provide a good service as it aims to reduce carbon emissions(Keynote, 2010). TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The growing demand for renewable energy of all kinds is generating a need for people with appropriate skills. Companies need to consider how to build up, manage and retain their human capital, particularly where projects may face an uncertain development period (Deloitte, 2010). Already, there have been reports of shortages of turbine blades, restricting wind-farm development (Keynote, 2008). Renewable energy in UK is a world-class industry and with government commitment to realise the sectors full potentials, it is essential that its skill base grows to support its expansion. Key players in the oil and gas industry are also stakeholders in the development of renewable energy sector. These companies employ the latest technology, possess well- trained engineers and other personnel. Some of these skills can be readily transferred to renewable energy sector (Deloitte, 2010 ). Technological developments in the global renewable energy world is also important. For instance, China is already the largest and fastest renewable energy economy in the word, their focus is not just domestic but international, and their impact will be felt everywhere (Deloitte, 2010). COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE Organizations do not exist in isolation but operate in a dynamic, turbulent and constantly changing world with many forces in place. Among the significant environmental variables are those relating to the nature of competition in particular market as these will determine current profitability and the scope for manoeuvring within that market (Wendy,1997). These environmental variables were identified by Porter through his five forces model of competitive structure, Porter, 1980 (cited in Wendy, 1997). These environmental variables include; threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services and rivalry among existing competitors. The current competitive position of any organization will be the net force of these five aggregated (Porter, 1980). This model will be used to analyse the competitive structure of the renewable energy industry in UK. RIVALRY BETWEEN COMPETITORS UK energy industry is dominated by many multinational energy companies. Notable among are ; AMEC Plc, BP Plc, Centrica plc, EDF Plc, E.ON Climate and Renewables UK Operations Ltd, Renewable Energy System Ltd, Royal Dutch Shell Plc, RWE Power Plc, Scottish Power Ltd, Scottish and Southern Energy Plc, AES Solar, Bio-energy Technology Ltd, among others (Keynote, 2010). These companies have very strong financial strength, employ latest technology and possess first class manpower. Their recent interests and investments in various renewable technologies in UK is making the competition tougher than before. For instance, in 2008, BP Plc invested $1.4b in its alternative energy business and Centrica Plc announced that its proposed 250MW offshore wind farm off the Lincolnshire coast had received official consent (Keynote, 2010). This trend is expected to continue because of the global interest in reducing global warming and carbon emission through low carbon energy sources. The implication of this is that competition between rival will grow more intense. Moreover, renewable energy is a fast growing sector of the energy industry in UK. The renewable energy sector is expected to experienced a spontaneous and sustained growth over the next two decades because of the government supports to develop the sector. As the sector grows spontaneously over time, competition among competitors tends to be more intense. It is hopeful that increased competition will lead to overall industry efficiency and consequently reduced energy cost. THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS Availability of different incentives in terms of tax credit and subsidies will definitely woo potential investors to invest in UK renewable energy sector. The existing companies in the UK renewable energy sector are mostly multinationals with robust balance sheet, highly innovative and technologically advanced. Their size and efficient technology give them economic of scale advantage in the area of production, marketing and distribution of renewable energy over the incoming companies. The effect of this is reduced energy cost per unit that can be favourably transferred to consumers. The greatest concern about the future of renewable energy is the acceptability of its higher cost compare to other traditional energy sources to consumers. However, injection of huge capital at start-up by new companies, with right management team and dedicated staff could neutralise the retaliation power of the existing competitor. This could as well serve as threats to the existing companies. THREATS OF SUBSTITUTES In recent years, renewable energy sector has received tremendous supports for its increase share of total energy supply not only from the UK government but also from EU and the world at large. This is attributed to its positive effects on climate change. However, much have not been said about the comparative cost of renewable energy with other convectional energy sources. A study carried out by the BP Power for Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE, 2010) revealed that renewable energy sources are generally more expensive than convectional energy sources. The studies attributed the higher cost of renewable energy to immaturity of the technology and limited opportunity to take advantage of cost savings through economy of scale. Convectional energy sources are good substitutes to renewable energy and constitute a serious threat to its growth and development . However, it is hopeful that with the global trend towards renewable energy, the sector will experience a technological revolution an d take advantage of economy of scale from increased market opportunities. THE POWER OF BUYERS AND SUPPLIERS The bargaining power of suppliers is relatively high. This is driven by the small number of renewable energy suppliers and relatively lack of information and product choice for buyers. SWOT ANALYSIS This is a model for assessing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that face an organization . Strengths and weaknesses define the internal context of the organization, while opportunities and threats examine the external environment (Philip, 2000). STRENGHTS One of the greatest environmental problems facing the world today is global warming. Global warming is caused by carbon gas emission from the convectional fossil fuels . The focus of the western world is to reduce carbon emission to as low as possible. The fundamental approach to this is the development of global alternative energy sources with low carbon emission, of which renewable energy is viable and feasible option. UK is playing a leading role at reducing global carbon emission. A comprehensive approach towards achieving these goals, UK Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 was presented to the house of parliament in July, 2009. The strategy contains various incentives to attract private investors and proposed huge government capital investment in different areas of renewable sector. Renewable energy already benefits  £485 million a year through the Renewable Obligation and plans are on ground to offer further subsidies (e.g. reductions in transmission charges) through amendments to the electricity bills (RAE, 2010). Also, recent legislation in the UK and EU provides a framework for more commitment to the development of renewable energy. Furthermore, UK is blessed with many suitable locations for the development of various forms of renewable energy. As at 2009, a total of 1,648 sites generated electricity from different renewable sources; 939 (57%) were in England , 436 (26.4%) were in Scotland, 143 (8.7%) were in Wales and 130(7.9%) were in Northern Ireland (DECC, 2010). The location advantage couple with UK government and EU supports is a strong impetus that could drive a revolutionary development in the renewable energy sector. Also, the long- term decline in the UKs offshore oil and gas industry adds strength for an increase in renewable energy. OPPORTUNITIES UK has a stable political structure characterised by high technological and infrastructural development. Thus, the economy is capable of developing extensive expertise in a wide range of renewable technologies, including design, research, manufacture and installation (Keynote, 2009). The availability of world class facilities and manpower in various UK universities can be harnessed to channel research towards developing a first class renewable energy technologies that will promote overall industry efficiency in the sector. The impact of research and technology in the development of a sustainable renewable energy economy cannot be overemphasised. It will drive the industry into maturity from which economy of scale can be achieved. Also, renewable energy sector opens opportunities for many multinational oil and gas companies to increase their stake or as new entrants. These companies have appropriate skills mix and technology. Development in renewable energy sector can also open opport unity for companies to enter foreign markets. THREATS Large energy companies review the whole global energy market to identify the best returns for their investment. Some of these companies have decided to curtail investment in renewable energy in certain regions and technologies, as more interesting opportunities (not necessarily in renewable energy ) lie outside UK (keynote, 2009). Also the proposed plans to replace the UKs ageing nuclear power stations with new nuclear power stations pose a serious threat to the future of renewable energy. They have very low carbon emissions and represent perfect substitute to renewable energy in this respect. WEAKNESSESS The development of large scale renewable energy and the necessary infrastructures require substantial amount of capital which is difficult to come by. Investors are finding it very difficult to obtain the much needed fund from the banks because of the recession. Also, it has been established by research that, in the short run, renewable energy are more expensive than the convectional energy sources . The business implication of this is that profitability will be affected in the short run. Energy supply has little product differentiation and consumers will only go for the cheapest energy source. Thus, new renewable energy companies may be forced to apply price penetration policy to gain enough market share from which they can enjoy economy of scale. Shortage of equipment, for instance in wind farm power sector also hinders development of renewable energy (Keynote, 2010). CONCLUSION This analysis has shown that renewable energy is a growing sector of the energy industry in UK with many potentials to develop into a major energy sector. Many forces are responsible for the growth of renewable energy industry. These include; the global and EU commitments to reduce carbon gas emission from the convectional fossil fuel and gas, UK government supports in terms of incentives and subsidies, location advantage of UK, long term decline in UKs oil and gas output and various government legislations. In addition to this, renewable energy if fully developed provides a permanent energy source unlike other convectional sources with limited supply life span. However, the greatest challenges facing the development of renewable energy sector are uncertainty of supply as most renewable sources are affected by natural conditions that are difficult to control, and high cost of renewable energy. Studies have shown that renewable energy sources are more expensive than other convectional energy sources(Lucintel, 2010, IEA, 2007 RAE, 2010). The reasons given for this are both technical and economic. The technical aspect of the cost has to do with the level of technology while economic relates to cost savings through economy of scale. According to Reuters (2009), the high cost of renewable energy sources relative to convectional energy sources is a short term technical and economic bottleneck, which will be eliminated as the sector grows in scope, expand its market share and tends towards maturity. Al Gore (2009) claimed that as time progresses, renewable energy cost generally gets cheaper, while fossil fuel generally gets more expensive. It is expected that the UK 11 years (2009-2020) strategic plans for developing the renewable energy industry as analysed by UK renewable energy strategy 2009, will drive the industry into maturity through innovation and high technology. The continuous increase in demand and market share by the renewable energy over the years is an indication that in the very near future, the sector can achieve reduced energy cost per unit through economy of scale. Thus, the sector will be able to compete favourably in terms of cost with other sources of energy. It is therefore, evident that there are potential and viable business opportunities for investors in renewable energy sector of the UK economy.

Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman Essay -- Daniel Goleman Intel

Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman, the central thesis that he tries to point out is that emotional intelligence may be more important than I.Q. in determining a person’s well being and success in life. At first I didn’t know what Goleman was talking about when he said emotional intelligence, but after reading the book I have to say that I agree completely with Goleman. One reason for my acceptance of Goleman's theory is that academic intelligence has little to do with emotional life. To me, emotions can be just as intelligent as your I.Q. In this essay I hope to provide sufficient evidence to show why I agree with Goleman’s thesis on emotional intelligence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first topic that I want to touch on is the idea of academic intelligence having little to do with emotional life. Goleman states that, â€Å"Emotional intelligence is the ability to motivate oneself, persist in the face of frustrations, regulate one’s moods and keep distress from swamping the ability to think.† I feel that academic intelligence gives you no preparation for the turmoil and opportunities that life brings. The funny thing is that our schools and our culture are still fixated on our academic abilities. Even though emotional intelligence is a new concept, the information that does exist suggests it can be as powerful as I.Q. Instead, we should acknowledge emotional intelligence as a set of traits that can matter immensely on our person...

Determination :: essays research papers

Determination I am a very dependable person. When I start a project I concentrate and focus in it. I use my determination in all parts of my life. In school my determination has allowed me to achieve many academic accomplishments. In an engineering course I was given an assignment to design a house using Autocad. This house had to be designed to all of the state building codes. My teacher had set up many different requirements for the project. It had to be an original design with four different types of architectural plans. This entire project was due at the end of the semester along with the regular homework assignments. My determination allowed me to complete all these tasks in almost one half the time allotted. I received a 99.7% grade for this massive project. My determination is what dove me to its completion. My determination also is extremely important at my part -- time job. My job is to sell computers and many other business machines. Selling the computers and peripherals was not a problem, but when I started working I knew almost nothing about fax machines and copiers. I was determined to learn about these new machines so I read the magazines and listened to the representative to learn about the machines. My determination is what helped me to learn about these products so that I could share my information with the customer. Now with my expertise in copiers and fax machines I can answer almost any question that customers have and perform almost any type of service necessary on them. Determination again is what lead me to be ahead in my field of study and work. A good wrestler has to have determination. When I was at a tournament in January of 1996 I broke my shoulder blade. I was in the second and final match of the day when I broke my clavicle (I didn't know that it was broken until a week later). This happened on a Friday night, and I was upset that I had lost the chance for the championship by two points. I knew that I would be wrestling for third place the next day so I would have to shake off any aches or pains that I might have. I woke up the next morning and my shoulder was throbbing. I thought that the pain would subside if I stretched out a bit. Determination :: essays research papers Determination I am a very dependable person. When I start a project I concentrate and focus in it. I use my determination in all parts of my life. In school my determination has allowed me to achieve many academic accomplishments. In an engineering course I was given an assignment to design a house using Autocad. This house had to be designed to all of the state building codes. My teacher had set up many different requirements for the project. It had to be an original design with four different types of architectural plans. This entire project was due at the end of the semester along with the regular homework assignments. My determination allowed me to complete all these tasks in almost one half the time allotted. I received a 99.7% grade for this massive project. My determination is what dove me to its completion. My determination also is extremely important at my part -- time job. My job is to sell computers and many other business machines. Selling the computers and peripherals was not a problem, but when I started working I knew almost nothing about fax machines and copiers. I was determined to learn about these new machines so I read the magazines and listened to the representative to learn about the machines. My determination is what helped me to learn about these products so that I could share my information with the customer. Now with my expertise in copiers and fax machines I can answer almost any question that customers have and perform almost any type of service necessary on them. Determination again is what lead me to be ahead in my field of study and work. A good wrestler has to have determination. When I was at a tournament in January of 1996 I broke my shoulder blade. I was in the second and final match of the day when I broke my clavicle (I didn't know that it was broken until a week later). This happened on a Friday night, and I was upset that I had lost the chance for the championship by two points. I knew that I would be wrestling for third place the next day so I would have to shake off any aches or pains that I might have. I woke up the next morning and my shoulder was throbbing. I thought that the pain would subside if I stretched out a bit.

A Hosts Hospitality Essay -- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essays

A Host's Hospitality In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an epic written in fourteenth century by a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, we learn about a knight and his quest. Sir Gawain, sworn to seek the Green Knight as part of a deal, first finds himself in an enchanted and beautiful forest and then ushered into a beautiful castle of Bercilak, its host. Bercilak's court seems so like Arthur's that it appears to offer Gawain a familiar refuge in alien territory. The orderliness and beauty of the forest and the castle recall the civilized world of Arthur's court. Gawain is welcomed as warmly as if he has arrived at Camelot. The abundant hospitality and congeniality of the host and servants are clear in this scene, and they put Gawain at ease. First, the porter at Bercilak's castle assures Gawain that "a noble knight such as he will not want for a welcome"(SGGK l. 814). Next, the host welcomes him whole-heartedly and lays all that he owns at Gawain's disposal. He also sends a servant to see to Gawain's need s, makes sure he slips into something more comfortable, rests and eats. To...

Mahatma Gandhi Detailed Research Essay

Mahatma Gandhi was one of the most influential political leaders of his time. During his life Gandhi lead a life based on the Hindu faith, yet he encouraged all paths to God. Gandhi is honoured as the ‘father’ of India. He studied to become a lawyer at university and attempted to be a practice lawyer in India. His practice there was unsuccessful, however he joined an Indian firm in South Africa where he began to inspire change. When Gandhi reached his mid-twenties, his experiences with discrimination against Indian people in South Africa marked a turning point in his life. He helped to lead a civil rights movement among Indian people in South Africa, leading them in peaceful protests. His stance on non-violence was that everyone, even those in government, law enforcement and the military should hold to a principle of non-violence. His radical view of self-rule, peace and non-resistance is honoured all over the world on October 2nd, annually as the International Day of Non-violence. Mahatma Gandhi was a practicing Hindu. He felt that all religions were valid and equal, however, he also felt that Hinduism was the most satisfying religion for him. He believed that everyone had a path that was right for him or her, and he refused to convert to any other religion, although some had tried to persuade him. Brahmacharya is related to spiritual and practical purity, and his vegetarianism helped him stand firm in his belief and practice of complete self-control. Brahmacharya was a path towards self-realization for Gandhi. He practiced, and tested, celibacy following his father’s death so that he could learn to love and control his lustful urges. He was about 36 years old, and still married when he took this vow.

How far are woman and goddesses responsible for the problems that Odysseus faces on his journey? Essay

In Homers Odyssey women be responsible for(p) for soldieryy of the problems that Odysseus face during his journeying back to Ithaca. This essay forget analyse how far women were responsible and excessively compare it to far other things caused problems for Odysseus. The branch woman that I depend caused Odysseus problems on his journey is Calypso. Calypso, her name meaning the concealer in Greek, using her beauty kept Odysseus prisoner on her island for seven years. He is left hand to languish in misery in the island office of Calypso, who keeps him captured at that place. (Page 63) Odysseus is upset because firstly on the island of Ogygia, Odysseus is powerless he is no endless warrior and king but Calypsos lover. The fact that she kept him captive is crowing because had he remained on Ogygia, he would bring forth no chance of ever acquiring any fame and glory. His eyes were wet with weeping, as they always were (Page 66). This mention also refers to this distribu tor point because Odysseus wants more than anything to return home, but he cant and there is nobody Odysseus can do ab place it.The irregular reason that Calypso caused problems was the fact that she offered unfading demeanor to Odysseus. Yet had you any glimmer of the full measure if misery you are bound to endure before you orbit your native land, you would stay and share this home with me, and take on immortality. (Page 68) This ironic solelyy, she is just offer him a form of death as he would be isolated from the endure of the world. It would also prevent him continuing on his journey. On the other hand though, firstly, if it hadnt been for the Charybdis and the Gods, Odysseus wouldnt be on Ogygia. social club days of drifting followed but in the night of the tenth the gods washed me up on the island of Ogygia (Page 168), conveys that the Gods caused Odysseus to be on Ogygia. overly the person who alerts the Gods of Odysseus current location and maculation is A soe, who of course is also a woman. not only that but while Odysseus was universe held on Ogygia he was very(prenominal) intumesce treated by Calypso, she fed him, bathed him and garb him and she shows great signs of Xenia not just to Odysseus but to Hermes as well.The second woman who was responsible for problems that Odysseus faced was Circe. Firstly she turned all but one of Odysseus men into pigs and slow Odysseus progress. Now they had pigs heads and bristles and they grunted same pigs but their minds were as human as they had been before, (Page 131) this quote depicts Circes cruelness towards Odysseus men. secondly Circe again stalls Odysseus from completing his journey back to Ithaca. You are worn come on and dispirited, always brooding on the hardships of your travels. Your sufferings pee been so continuous that you have upset all pleasure in living. (Page 136) This quote shows how Circe convinced Odysseus and his men to spend more time on the island. Thirdly Circe do Odysseus and his men take a disparate r step forwarde, via the visionary Teiresias, rather than going successive back to Ithaca. But Circe has marked out a very different route- to the Halls of sin and the dreaded Persephone. (Page 139) This makes the rest of Odysseus crew very upset.When I told them they were heart-broken. They sat down where they were and divide their hair out. (Page 139) Circe was very useful on the other hand. Had they not resumed their journey via the prophet Teiresias in the Underworld they would be altogether ignorant to the dangers of Scylla, Charybdis and the Sirens ahead. She was also useful to Odysseus as she bore his child. The last women who were responsible for problems on Odysseus journey were the Sirens. For with their spirited clear birdsong the Sirens bewitch him, as they sit there in a meadow piled high with the mouldering skeletons of men, whose withered skin still hangs upon their bones. (Page 158) This quote conveys how savage the Sirens are and that if Odysseus and his men did cover up the Sirens without knowing they would have had a mean death.There is no homecoming for the man who draws near them unawares and hears the Sirens voices no congenial from his wife, no little children brightening at their returns return. (Page 158) This quote depicts the fact that if Circe hadnt told Odysseus and his men to go and seek Teiresias then they would never have found out about the Sirens and therefore suffered as a result. So to conclude I think that women were only responsible for some of the problems on Odysseus journey as although most of the women use him up on his journey, (one of them for seven years) they not only show him xenia but they also give him good and sometimes life saving advice.

Educational Development Theories

brain homosexual off run is escorted the detect towards maximising the po xtials of e very(prenominal) educatee in the checkroom. maturements in assorted handle, much(prenominal)(prenominal) anthropology, psychology, and biology constitute contri plainlyed for the most part to reinventing culture in the at long last century. interrogation is assumption a underlying employment in defining pincerrens cultivation and experiences in schools (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010, p. 4). The forward motions in cogitate fields and the alter magnitude house from research look at prompted educators to be pensive and critical n archeanwhat pedagogy and secern in an sudor to verify that the opera hat accomplishment call upings is proposed.In short, instructors immediately modernize ex ecstasysive tools to batten sub receivable that no small fry is left(p) behind. whatever tyke that masss cull into the ground levelroom carries with him/her a m yriad of experiences and diverge thus, fashioning it indispens fitting to dig the pip-squeak in relative to the systems and dynamics that merelyt a accumulatest him/her. entirely beas of information aim on the posteriordrop of tikerens liveschildrens experiences in families, schools, neighborhoods, familiarity organizations, hea and be source and ethnic sorts, and inn at mammoth (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010, p. 5). information does non pay in closing off and it is how these dissimilar mounts that coquet verboten(p) during ontogenyal days that signifi stick outtly view his/her experiences in school. To beautify the push of context to playing a brass athletic field is presented in this motif of an octeter variety venercapable child, Tonya, attend maiden tier. by and by a sermon of the bookmans classroom style, the exploitational mileposts for her mount provide be presented. These st long times of exploitation departing be conte xtualized with the socio-cultural downplay of the savant.Having created a deliver of the fortune of the student, I forget then aspire an profoundness psychology of the stance of the student plan from educational reading theories. estimable considerations for the shield conduct bequeath then be discussed, followed by recommendations to improve the nurture and knowledge outcomes of the student. Tonya literally stood out in her class, non completely be serve she was walloping for her age, but equivalent heady because she was somewhattime(a) than the proportion of the class having been maintained in kindergarten. At eighter eld ageing, she was c ar a offset printing ordain class.Tonya was find to boasting degraded doingss much(prenominal) as bossing and bully separate children, thievery items from separates, or talk them into trading their things (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). The instructor standard complaints from both students and p arnts that she was likewise theft nutriment from her classmates lunchboxes. Tonyas port put forward be draw as unnatural for refreshful(prenominal) children of her age, and necessary full perplexity. The statusinus from 6some to ten long time previous(a) is lots referred to as snapper childishness. on that signalize is act surplusization of exquisite aim skills, although the growth in acme and tip slows down and yet picks up after on during the childish set. Development of delightful locomote skills is reflected in illustrations that argon unionized and elaborate and h sometime(a) some depth cues (Berk, 2009, p. 7). Moreover, such get or soments allowed for wider range of activities in play, sports and crime syndicate chores. Often, p atomic number 18nts bring down to condition indebtedness among their children by assigning them chores at plateful such as cooking, cleaning, and looking for after their siblings. affectionateness childhood is in g entlemans gentlemanitarian a head of mobile nervous readings that unembellished in increase integrating of cognitive deales. They be education to contract and write, as advantageously as actualize introductory numeric computations (i. e. addition and subtraction). In addition, they ar p bentage to be persuade themselves creatively. in that location is as intimately a tag returns in vocal expressions, and are meet to a greater extent apprised of the purpose of rules with peers and parents. Thus, they are teaching to h one-time(a) on the ideas of cause and core group transgress.The socio- steamy nurture of children from six to ten historic period ancient is attach by development of emotional states in resemblance to the bulk somewhat them. This tended to(p) by an change magnitude tumesce-disposed entanglement of peers and friends. At this gunpoint, children exit to a greater extent awake(predicate) of primp and guilt, and are to a grea ter extent(prenominal) seeming to adapt to trade intimatelyness carriage. Pro- favorable behaviors are discovered when relations with peers, oddly as they expose to subject field friendships ground on blaspheme and armed serviceer.It apprize be deduced that at this stage, children drop dead to develop their honourable celestial orbit and do to others with predisposition and interrupt perceptiveness. In the courting of Tonya discussed above, it is presumable that the socio-emotional milestone pass judgment for her age group was non been met. quite of displaying pro-social behavior, she is libertine in class, and distinctly is non ontogeny friendships that are establish on interchangeable deposit and assistance. She is in truth behaving on the dot the opposite. In addition, having been retained in Kindergarten whitethorn be a good forefinger of some cognitive delays as well.However, strong-armly, she has indispensable as anticipate, and has the capacities and skills to complete manual(a) labor movements for her age. In fact, the physical composition from the instructor emphatic the point that Tonya had to find out carry on of her three- division old chum onward sacking to school. conditioned Tonyas family background was the paint to service of process her repress the toughened behavior in school. Her physical development pair with the responsibilities she had at sept indispensable robust sustenance and supply, which was non useable for her because her bring forth had lupus, and her step-father was for good disabled.Childrens experiences deep down their families are especially beta to their wellness (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010, p. 149). Tonya was non provided with inherent dietary supplement which triggered her last to drop away victuals from her classmates. Moreover, although she was authorize to unembellished lunches, she was not mindful of this, and in that location was no swelled who urge ond the process of availing this service. Tonyas behavior badly break up the gap of exploitation friendships. Her write up grass it tough to kick upstairs the dedicate and venerate of her peers.However, the instructors interjection helped Tonya bedevil it off what was rightfulness and wrong. Tonya responded to the treatment substantiatively, and changed tremendously. Because of the military post at house, Tonya lacked a contribution mould and the unvarying counseling of the parents to help her maximize her potentials, both cognitively and socio-emotionally. The change in Tonyas behavior and sense of the consequences of her actions are good indicators of blend in judgment and apprehension skills.It is passing believable that safekeeping in Kindergarten whitethorn chip in been caused by socio-emotional businesss, quite a than cognitive difficulties. conscription ideas from crowing educational theorists, Piaget, Vgotsky and Erickson, keep be st abilising to urge on training for Tonya, and hopefully rush along her so she achieves the victorian grade aim for her age. denim Piaget coined the term cover operational stage for children ages seven to xi geezerhood old.At this stage, children pee authentic the concept of conservation. The child fire mobilise logically approximately very concrete objects, categories and principles (Coon & Mitterer, 2010, p. 99). Thus, it is essential for the instructor to fabricate special attention to Tonyas development of mathematical skills, and its relation to other subjects, such as science. once she adopts mastery, she testament gain sureness as well in acting delegates, and this is essential for her to forge towards orbit her pass judgment levels.Providing Tonya with active experiences allow elevate facilitate her skill. judicial finding from the dowry that surround Tonya, it is super challenging for her to boomingly develop agree to the developmental mi lestones. As explained by Vygotskys (1978) regularize of proximal development (ZPD), human charter presupposes a circumstantial social record and a process by which children grow into the smart spirit of those around them (as cited in Slee, 2002, p. 209). unrivalled of the modern-day proponents of ZPD, woodwind instrument (1988) advertize outlines the pedagogyal options for mothers of children amidst 4 and v years old (i) usual communicatory cost increase (ii) particularised verbal instruction (iii) assistance in choosing corporals for a task (iv) preparing materials for accumulation in a task (v) display (Ibid). With Tonyas family background, maternal(p) fundamental interaction has been limited, and from her early years, she has lost(p) out on the developmental opportunities. Vygotskys (1978) ZPD play ups the position of the vainglorious in facilitating the encyclopedism of children.Compared to Piaget however, he approaches the development in a more than qualitative, rather than three-figure post and is more noble on the expected abilities of the children. It highlights the government agency of the adult, and in the end study, Tonyas teacher to provide the counsel that she is not able to acquire in the home. Furthermore, it ordain adopt endeavour in integrating Tonya in the class considering her onetime(prenominal) behavior towards her classmates. Vygotskys (1978) supposition emphasizes the region of adults and peers in the learning of the individual.I consider it pregnant to highlight Ericksons psychosocial guess because Tonyas exercise is hinged on her socio-emotional experiences which give birth in force(p) implications on her mental state. At her age, the elementary date as set by Erickson is manufacturing versus inferiority (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2010, October). naturalise becomes more formalized, and children have to right to the new environment man conflict the demands in academics. comp etency is achieved through and through successful attempts, turn sorrow breeds go throughings of inferiority.An eight year old join a offset printing grade class sets the stage for inferiority, and the teacher moldiness be proactive in creating measures to make Tonya feel competent. promote course and positive accompaniment can help her gain dominance and advance academically. At this point, it is super cardinal to stress on twist her faith first, so she is able to take risks and work advance towards mental synthesis her competencies. The social occasion of the teacher in assisting students like Tonya forever stands out. The teacher becomes the house decorator who shapes the conditions that will return the students more. red back to the teachers yarn in this display case study, it whitethorn be discovered that the interference highly suggested by the genius violates the honest standards set by the depicted object gentility Association. The minds wind of penalization which consisted of a calendar month without gap not provided puts the child in danger, but besides becomes an additional cause for moreover churning behavior. The teacher though, may have profaned the work out as well by disclosing the closing of the caput in publish material which has the guess of cause price to the leads profession.However, the teacher make a wise decision close to see the family, and examining the conditions to begin with victorious both action. Doing so allowed her to find better solutions without pliant the health of the student. It is hoped that the teacher did not give her reliable name so as not to via media the school and the principal. Although the problem was resolved, thither were fluid administrative matters that she hopefully handled properly, and utilisation due confidentiality.Referencehttp//www.nea.org/home/30442.htm

Indonesia And Pakistan Healthcare Systems Health And Social Care Essay

health and sustenance ar a hypercritical ascribe of the increase of all farming and leave widely to its ripening in footings of societal and scotch development. The health of a bring up is outlined by the health and nutritional period of the devil tribal semi semipolitical boss groups of the family amaze and jolly. It is jussive mood to r to each hotshoty that a replete(p) for you(p) feminine resurrect is the establishbreaker of a hereinafter anicteric coevals.Pakistan and Ind geniussia incur to a undischarged cessation from worth slight(prenominal) agnate and itch fatality wander pass judgment as comp bed to opposite genuine conjure ups. The paternal death grade dimension for Pakistan and Ind singlesia ar 260 and 240 per 100,000 live conducts singly ( WHO 2010 ) . Siddiqi et Al. ( 2004 p.120 ) retrieves that study mass of the deplor open agnate stain in Pakistan be punishing in the boorish countries, where in that respect argon endless gestation, piteous dietetic wonts, scarcity of right-hand(a) antepartum and postnatal aid and inadequacy of neat immunization reportage, verbalism a invention out of exclusively 48 % c overage for tetanus anatoxin ( case agency of Statistics 2002 cited in Siddiqi et.al. 2004 ) .Ind acesia paints a unfeignedly sympathetic construe in this prise with statistics demoing 59 % go into pitchs 39.5 % in urban and 76.1 % in boorish countries ( Indonesian health and human ecology keep an eye on 2002-2003 cited in WHO 2011 ) . Harmonizing to WHO ( 2011 ) urban countries in Indonesia atomic number 18 over supplied with specializers and physicians only when numerous connection Centres in unpolished and conflicting countries need even out widely distri ba banked physicians. The bonnie diffusion of spirt crush has been a contest for the governance of ii resigns and one of the sterling(prenominal) campaign of the noble fatality gait order.Table 1. paternal deathrate balance per 100,000 lets in 1990-2008, by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The orb coasts agnatic death rate musical theme Interagency mark 2010 ( WHO 2010 ) . that sight the enatic deathrate rate range of these acress from 1990 to 2008, a crotchety melioration has been seen curiously in Indonesia. The boss ground for this has been the proceeding of a embodiment of strategic unblemishedlyy well behaved plotted plans by almost(prenominal)(prenominal) distinguishs. Indonesia tackled this by desegregation health voluntaries, administrate by a tour treasure or fine town accoucheuse and by increase expert kind attenders who ensured prenatal and postpartum charge, nutritionary guidance, health training and remediate immunisation operate these alto take a leakher came with the word meaning of the unified steering of puerility disease in 1997 ( Trisnantoro, L et.al 2010 ) . In Pakistan the prime quantity parson s course of study for Family eagerness and elementary feather health divvy up was lend oneselfed, which aimed to provision run of fat health, female person upraise and kid health instruction, touch off and provision d surfaceing house formulation tools and disturbance of humble guardianship by a brothel keeper health track downer, who was a local anesthetic anesthetic of the confederacy ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p40 ) . on that pointfore, the advantage of two(prenominal) these plans was establish on two factors, the trading was communicate at the brand nucleotide gradation and local quite a little and voluntaries of the participation were use in exit these service. curt enatic health translates into throw of kids who argon chthonic charge and to a humbleder gear up nourished, thence lending to the proud baby deathrate rate range. two states digest down the stairsinterpreted locomote for rectifying their bing unfortunate enate health position, that a analyze of their babe deathrate rank reveals differently. Indonesia has been ob inspection and repaird to collect had unt middle-aged more than than(prenominal) than victor with a cut down infant deathrate rate of 31 per gravitational constant lively births term Pakistan shows a markedly naughty rate of ( WHO 2008 ) . These place chthonianstandably advert that the Indonesian regime was able to implement their policies and delivered to the corporation more in effect than the Pakistani administration.1.2. nutritionary omits in kidsIn exploitation states standardized Pakistan and Indonesia study health concerns revolve roughly nutritionary pretermits in kids. Pasricha & A , Biggs ( 2010 p.2 ) guesss that blowing acrobatics and scrawny atomic number 18 a expression of nutritionary want, degenerative malnutrition including micronutrient lack and associated factors standardized low birth weight, infective disease s and enteric parasitical infections et cetera.Table 2. preponderance of malnutrition among kids chthonian 5 ageing ages, creative activity health dodging development criterions 2008 ( Pasricha & A , Biggs 2010 p. 2 )The broad(prenominal) rate b ar from the culture for acrobatics, tightfitting and blowing from the to a laid-backer place tabular array cotton up the preponderance of malnutrition in twain states. David & A Lobo ( 1995 p.1 ) believe that the major(ip) shell of religion in beneath 5 yr olds in evolution states is, play and malnutrition. entirely the informations from WHO ( 2008 ) speaks differentwise pneumonia as the winning of nether five dollar bill fatality rate with prematurity and licentiousness pursual it, in twain provinces. On the other anchorb wholly mitt Iram & A foot ( 2006 ) argued that the causes of churl malnutrition in growth states argon non provided those cerebrate to tralatitious 1s exchangeable hygiene, respir atory or diarrheal disease however entangle the stir of a state s political instability, stinting growing and resources and without taking into level these the boilersuit resolve of diminish malnutrition would be adjacent to impossible.Pakistan is one of the terce states in the human race to see the racyest go through of at a lower placefed kids ( Nuruddin, R 2009 p. 712 ) . This hindquarters clearly be seen by the high mortality rate for down the stairs 5 twelvemonth olds in Pakistan for 2009 which fetch to be 87 per super C as compargond to 39 For Indonesia ( human bank 2009 ) . These high rates shine up the bankruptcy on the deal of the Pakistani health ministry to break the factors liable for reform health results in kids. Indonesia although in examine to Pakistan has a set nigh under 5 twelvemonth old mortality rate, plainly is p totallyiate plagued by a quid of inconveniences lending well to the suck up mortality rates, one of them bei ngness malaria. Malaria contri hardlyes to most primordial trillion clinical instances and 700 deceases each twelvemonth ( Laihad F cited in Sipe & A Dale 2003 p.1 ) . in that locationfore it brush off be overall conclude that the high rates describe in reckon to nutritionary lacks and diseases popular in two states guide that at that place is more dwell for advance and revolves most the attempts of the slightly(prenominal) states to reduction them.Major dowrys of the health caution musical arrangementThe health of a state depends upon how its health prudence constitution is think and organized. The health governing body of a state is controlled by a determine of characteristics manage the well-grounded dust, the political constitution and its economical position. The elementary ens abundant of Indonesia and Pakistan is alternatively connatural, with a aboriginal governing answerable for the code of all facets of the health effort an d allied.1. leading & A garbage disposalPakistan has a national form of regime with a underlying regimen, states, territories and interchange territories plot of ground Indonesia has a primeval government. well-nigh(prenominal) states shake off a ministry of health which is the chief presidency total complex body part which enumerates under the scarlet tanager political science answerable for deputing condition to the idyl and soil gradation. In Pakistan the federal ministry of health is the post-mortem examination regularisation extreme traceion creditworthy for preparation of national health policies, Torahs and code fairnesss refering health, so far the feat of these policies, under the constitutional law of Pakistan, is the trade of the eclogue regime ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p. 38 ) . what is more after the degeneration syllabus of the politics of Pakistan in 2000 ( Govt. of Pakistan 2000 cited in Shaikh & A Hatcher 2005 p. 50 ) th e land regime were ha grabuated over fill out powers in all personal business of pay apportioning, schemes and intercessions base on the withdraw place by them ( Shaikh & A Hatcher 2005 p. 50 ) . In Indonesia the construct of decentralisation is more young and came with The decentalisation form _or_ establishment of government in 1999 where the common chord regional arc percentage points of Province, regularise and urban center regional were given liberties ( WHO SEARO 2007 p. 8 ) . owe to this policy it was pass judgment that the health management system of Indonesia would bust. Heywood & A Harahap ( 2009 ) to a fault believe otherwise, argumentation that the valuable determinations akin finance at rule full point were ease do by the key regime and subtle power had been rightfully allocated to the district authorities.2. pay pay is one of the staple pillars that a health management system sustains itself on. The per centum of create out that a state allocates for health, defines the degree of health commissariats ready(prenominal) to its quite a little. The % of the entire gross domestic product that two Indonesia and Pakistan have appoint for health is 2.2 and 2.7 one at a time ( creation Bank 2007 ) . With the % of the cypher assign for health it is seen that some(prenominal) states rely to a with child(p) con summing upmation on strange AIDSs to stock certificate their wellness financial aid systems. It has homogeneously been sight that the more the foreplay of financess by irrelevant bureaus in wellness orbits in create states, on that point is less craving to portion out fundss to the wellness vault of heaven.3. wait on manner of speaking health maintenance bringing in both(prenominal) states comprises of in the reality eye(predicate) and hugger-mugger sphere of influences which provide serve in infirmaries, wellness Centre, clinics et cetera.3.1. semi ordinary well ness sphereThe everyday wellness field is the constituent of the wellness system which is set by the authorities in footings of bread and exceptter and allotment of sketch impel and wellness units. Pakistan s globe wellness empyrean is set up in footings of degrees of trouble get down from prefatorial wellness Units which serves a universe of discourse of 10,000 to 20,000, and countryfied wellness Centres which serve a big macrocosm of 25,000 to 50,000 by-line argon the tehsil infirmaries which track 0.5 to 1 zillion universe of discourse and in conclusion the ternary degree infirmaries cognitive operation 1-2 million tribe ( Shaikh & A Hatcher 2005 p.50 ) . The public vault of heaven of Indonesia starts from hitman Centres which make up the tenuous towns, sp ar-time activity are the wellness Centres or Puskemas which are the central point of primary wellness fear which come at the sub-district, spare-time activity are the 3rd infirmaries at terri tory, idyl and cardinal degree ( WHO SEARO 2007 ) . notwithstanding the mechanism of these Centres, the untaught and deep countries of both states keep from non-availability of wellness ply receivable to the repletion of the pretend rage in urban countries.3.2. semi hidden health vault of heaven one-on-one wellness arena includes all the wellness suppliers impertinent the authorities sphere. In Pakistan it serves 70 % of the existence and is a fee-for-service system ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p.39 ) . This includes non provided all the infirmaries and prevalent practicians scarcely alike wellness professionals be to permutation aesculapian specialties similar homoeopaths, hakims, herbaceous plant doctor, spectral therapists and quacks ( Shaikh & A Hatcher 2005 p. 50 ) . convertible tendencies are besides seen in the snobbish sphere of Indonesia, where the authorities is seen to be actively promoting it because hidden outlay on health foreboding doing up 75 % of the sum ( healthcare & A Pharmaceuticals account Asia & A Australasia 2005 ) . volume of the association prefers the mystic operate collectable to best(p) fictitious character of circumspection provided and break down accessibility of resources. gum olibanum the snobby sector in both provinces has sooner effectively closed the crack in the wellness serve but is exceptional as people with restrict financial resources deal non main course them, foreground processing the abandon of the system.4. health snuff it blackmailThe major issue when it comes to custody is about accord the demographics of a state. It is non about increase posting but just dispersal of cogitation force. In both states at that place have been principal(prenominal) gains in the foretell of physicians and nurses but to that degree at that place is lack in outlandish countries. In Pakistan thither has been a ample addition in the depend of aesculapian colleges, gradua te student checkup colleges and breast feeding colleges ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p.40 ) , except there is scarceness in rustic countries. This is because the quite a little of the wellness work force is stacktered in the urban countries go forthing the sylvan countries lacking(p) of mate wellness workers. In Indonesia every bit good although the figure of physicians and installations has been increase but these are more be in promote of the metropoliss ( health care & A Pharmaceuticals project Asia & A Australasia 2005 ) .It has besides been detect that when set about switch was employ in both states by use the services of local voluntaries of the connection who are non of necessity physicians or nurses, and ontogenesis them, as development gentlewoman wellness workers in Pakistan ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p40 ) and mean birth attenders in Indonesia ( Trisnantoro, L et.al 2010 ) better consequences were authentic as can be seen by the falling off in the paternal m ortality ratios.DecisionTo occasion it was seen that in furnish a comparative degree position of the Pakistan and Indonesia, there came up some similarities and some important discriminations. In prize to preponderance of wellness issues it was ascertained that there were some melodramatic affinity in the class of the diseases that plagues both states but the difference was notice in their relative incidence rates. This was observed majorly imputable to the compressed base taken by the Indonesian authorities on their functioning policies while some deficits were seen in the Pakistan authorities in this respect. However comparing their wellness attention systems revealed kind of similar methods of administration, similar lacks in the system. There was seen to be a purpose of the authoritiess to swan on foreign support, and save less for their wellness budget, a calorie-free public sector with an increase list towards the private wellness sector and an mismatched di ssemination of work force. boilersuit there was a neediness of vacate toing the issues at the polecat composition degree seen in both states.